Type bars



(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 1.

T. OAHILL. V LINOTYPE MACHINE, LINE CASTING MAGHINE, AND MAUHINE FOR MAKING TYPE BARS, LIINOTYPES, AND MATRICES. No. 605 777 (I! Raf/iii" I mM W I m: scams PETERS co. Pncrmm'non WASHINGTON. 0. c4

(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet 2.

T. CAHILL.

LINOTYPE MACHINE, LINE CASTING MACHINE, AND MACHINE FOR MAKING TYPE BARS, LINOTYPES, AND MATRICES.

No. 605,777. I Patented June 14,1898.

(No Model.) 9 Sheets-Sheet3 T. CAHILL. LINOTYPE MACHINE, LINE CASTING MACHINE, AND MACHINE FOR MAKING TYPE BARS, LINOTYPES, AND MATRICES.

No. 605,777. Q0 Patented June 14,1898.

Tm: oams P572115 cu, rum-ammo. wAsmNu'roN, u,c.

9 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

. T. CAHILL.

LINOTYPE MACHINE, LINE CAsTINC MACHINE, AND MACHINE FOR MAKING TYPE BARS, LINOTYPES, AND MATRICES. A No. 605,777. Patented June 14, 1598.

(No Model.) -9 Sheets-'Sheet5.

T. OAHILL. Y j LINOTYPE MACHINE, LINE CASTING MAGHINE, AND MAGHINB FOR MAKING TYPE BARS, LINOTYPES AND MATRIG-ES.

I fi LYL\\IIIIIIII lllllIll!lIIllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII! (No Model.) 9 sheets-sham T. CAHILL.

LINOTYPE MACHINE, LINE CASTING MACHINE, AND MACHINE FOR MAKING TYPE BARS, LINOTYPES, AND MATRICES.

No. 605,777. atented June 14, 1898.

3%92? Mum THE Noam: PETERS co PHOTO-LITHCL. WASNINCITD'L D. c'.

(No Model.) 9 SheetsSheet8.

T. CAHILL.

LINOTYPE MACHINE; LINE CASTING MACHINE, AND MACHINE FOR MAKING TYPE BARS, LINOTYPBS, AND MATRICES.

No. 605,777. Patented June 14,1898.

I .0. TNE NDRRIS PEWRS co. vac-mums" WASHINGTON. n

(No Mo'delj) f 9 SheetsSheet 91K T. GAJHILL' I I LINOTYPE MACHINE, LINE CASTING MACHINE, AND-MACHINE FOR MAKING TYPE BARS, LINOTYPES, AND MATRICES.

No. 605,777. Patented Jun%4,1898

To all whom may concern.-

' THADDEus oAi-iiLL, on NEW YORK, N. Y.

LINOTYPE-MACHJ N E,llNECASTINGMACHINE, AND: MACHINE FOR MAKING TYPE-BARS, LYINOTYPES, AND MATRICES.

' SPEQIFIQATIONforming part of Letters Patent No. 605,777, dated June 14, 1898.

Original application filed October. 21, 1896, Serial No. 609,480. Divided and this application filed August 11, 1897. Serial No T 647,862; (to model.)

Be it known thatI, THADDEUS OAHILL, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city, county, and State ofNew York, temporarily residing at Washington, in the District of Oolumbia,haveinvented certain new and useful 1 Improvements in Lin otype-Machines, Line-Casting Machines,and Machines for Making Type-Bars,-Linotypes, and Matrices, of which the following is a specification.

This application \is a division of original application,SerialNo.' 609,489, filed October 21, 1896-, which application issued on March 1, 1898, as Letters Patent No, 600,120. Much of the mechanism that is illustrate dinthisapplication is not claimed-(herein, being claimed in the Letters Patent aforesaid. This is particularly true of the permutational characterselecting mechanism hereinafterdescribed, which is not claimed hereinby itself alone,

. (beingclaimedin theLetters Patentaforesaid,

No. 600,120, dated March 1, 1898,) but which,

' as it forms one of the elements of several of the combinations described and claimed here} in, I have thought best to fully illustrate and describe herein; I

My invention relates principally to means in a linotype-machine, type-casting machine, or other similar instrument whereby facility is afforded to the operator to select matrices two at a time instead of selecting them one at a time, as heretofore.

The form of machine best known and most generally used for making linotypes, typebars, and matrices is the machine well known in the art and trade as the Mergenthaler linotype-machine. The mostessential features of this machine are fully described in the patents to Mergenthaler, No. 317,828, dated May 12, 1885; Nos. 347,629 and 347,630, dated August17, 1886, and Nos. 436,531 and 436,532,

.dated September16,'1890, (to all which reference is hereby had and made for a full description of linotype-machines and in numerous other patents to Mergenthaler and others, all which are well known in the art.

The Mergenthaler machine (the essentials of which are described in the various patents to Mergenthaler above mentioned and in its developed formin'the patent of September 16, 1890, above mentioned, No. 436,532, to which particular reference is hereby had and made) is well known to all persons skilled in the art, and I shall assume that the reader 10f this specification is familiar. with its con- 'struction and operation, and I shall, for greater convenience, describe my invention as an improvement applied to said Mergenthaler machine, and will clearly illustrate and fully describe that part of the mechanism L which is novel with myself and the manner in which that part of the mechanism which is new with me may be appliedin connection with the devices invented by Mergenthaler and others and well known in the art, and will not burden this specification with a description of those parts of the machine which are old and well known.

. The main object of my invention is to in-- crease the speed of the machine, by which I meanto increase the amount of work which an average operator can do in a day or an hour upon themachine. To this end I provide the -m'achine with two sets of keys, onefor the right hand and the other for the left hand, and with two sets of matrices, one for each set of keys, and I arrange the whole in such a manner that when keys of the two sets are depressed simultaneously, each to make its own letter, the matrices controlled, respectively, by the keys depressed will be assembled or composed in proper order in the line. My invention then, it will be seen, relates to two sets of keys and to two sets of matrices and to means whereby when keys of the two sets are depressed simultaneously the matrices released, respectively, by them and belonging one to the one set and the other to the other set of matrices are assembled in proper order in the line, and my invention relatesalso, in part, to the distributing mechanism 3 but (a) the deviceswhereby the matrices are clamped, (b) the devices whereby the matrices are transferred from the assembling-block to the position they occupy in the machine when the slug or linotype is cast, (0) the mold-wheel, the pump, and, in a word, all the casting devices, (d) the devices whereby the slugs or linotypes are trimmed and as-.

sembled in proper order, (e) the space-bar delivery mechanism and the justifying devices, (f) the devices whereby the matrices are transferred, after the linotype or slug has been cast,from the position which they occupy during the operation of casting to their position on the distributing-rail, with other usual and well-known details of construction, need not be changed. The devices named in the last sentence preceding may be of the sort well known'and commonly used in the Mergenthaler linotype-machine before mentioned. In its essential features the distributing mechanism which I use is that invented by Mergenthaler, described in the patents above enumerated, and universally known in the art; but in some of the features hereinafter described my distributing mechanism constitutes, with other elements, a novel combination.

The accompanying drawings fully illustrate my invention as applied to a Mergenthaler linotype-maehine, with which linotype-machine, as before stated, it will be assumed that the reader, in common with all other persons skilled in the art, is conversant, and full descriptions of which may be found in the patents hereinbefore enumerated, and particularly in that of September 16, 1890, No. 436,532.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation illustrating the upper portion of a Mergenthaler linotype-machine with my invention applied thereto. Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic plan view illustrating the keys and electrical connections. Fig. 3 is a detail, a plan view, illustrating the permutational character-selecting devices which are controlled by the keys illustrated in the preceding figure and which serve to operate the matrix-controlling escapements of the machine. Fig. 4 is a detail, a sectional elevation on the line 45 4 in the preceding figure, illustrating the permutational character selecting mechanism which is controlled by the keys connected to operate the matrixcontrolling escapements, one escapement device only being shown in the figure. Fig. 5 is a detail elevation illustrating a portion of the composing mechanism by which the matrices, after they have been released by the matrix-controlling escapements, are conveyed in proper order to the assembling-block. Figs. 6 and 7 are side elevations illustrating consecutive portions of the distributing-rail, Fig. 6 showing that portion of said rail which serves to distribute the matrices of the primary-position or quicka-eting set, and Fig. 7 illustrating that portion of said rail that serves to distribute the matrices of the secondary-position or slow-acting set that correspond to the matrices of the primary-position set. Fig. 8 is a cross-section on the line 8 8, Fig. 6. Fig. 9 is a crossseetion on the line 9 9, Fig. 7. Figs. 10 and 11 illustrate two matrices both corresponding to the same character and belonging one to the primary-position or quick-acting set of matrices and the other to the secondary-position or slow-acting set of matrices. Fig. 10 illustrates the matrix belonging to the quickacting set of matrices and Fig. 11 that belonging to the slow-acting set of matrices. Figs. 12 and 13, which are views corresponding, respectively, to Figs. 2 and 4, illustrate nonpermutational electrical connections between the keys and the releasing devices whereby the matrices are freed, a separate key and a separate electromagnet being used for each releasing device in place of the smaller number of keys and electromagnets constituting the permutational character-selecting mechanism illustrated in Figs. 2, 3, and 4. Fig. ll is a View similar to Fig. 4, but illustrating a more direct connection between the character-corresponding levers ff of the permutational character-selecting mechanism and the releasing devices whereby the matrices are freed; and Fig. 15 is a View similar to Fig. 13, but illustrating a more direct connection between the eleetromagnets and the releasing devices than is shown in Fig. 13.

Of the two sets of matrices.-I have said that I employ two sets of matrices controlled by two sets of keys and that the whole mechanism is constructed and arranged in such a manner that when keys of the two sets are acted upon simultaneously, each to release the proper matrix of the set which it controls, the two matrices are brought into proper order in the assembled line of matrices. In the drawings the magazine-tubes serving for the one set of matrices (the quick-acting set) are marked 100, while the magazine-tubes serving for the other set of matrices (the slowaeting set) are marked 101. Several forms of matrices and of magazine-tubes or other matrix-storing devices are well known in the art, so that I need not describe any special form. I prefer, as before said, to copy the mechanism invented by lvlergenthaler and well known in the art, (and described in the patents hereinbefore referred to, particularly that of September 10, 1800, No. 130,532,) but other known or equivalent forms of mechanism may be used instead, and I do not limit myself to that of Mergenthaler. I prefer, in applying my invention to a Mergenthaler machine, to make one set of matrices (and preferably the slow-acting set) complete with upper-case and lower-case alphabets of matrices and with matrices corresponding to the usual numerals, punctuation marks, and signs-say about ninety different sorts or groups of matrices in all-and to make the other set of matrices (preferably the quickacting set of matrices) with a very much smaller number of different sorts of matrices or characterssay with matrices for the letters of the alphabet, lowercase, and with m atrices for a few of the more-frequently-oecurring marks of punctuation, such as the period, comma, semicolon, apostrophe, and hyphen. lhe number of matrices in each set, however, may be made great or small, as required. Each set of matrices, as before said,

' matrix follow the 0 matrix.

when applied to a Mergenthaler'ma'chine, (the kind of machine to which I shall describe my invention as applied, without, however, at all limiting myself to applying my invention to such machines only,) consists of a number of different groups of matrices, the different matrices of a group being'essentially alike and the different groups representing different letters or other characters, each group of matrices having a magazine-tube or other matrixcontaining chamber of its own, to which the matrices are delivered by the distributing mechanism and from which they are released, as required, by the matrix-controlling escapement devices, of which there is one for each magazine-tube.

I have said that the whole mechanism is constructed and arranged in such a manner that when keys of the'two sets are acted upon simultaneously, each to release the proper matrix of the set that it controls, the two matrices thus released are brought into proper order in the assembled line of matrices, and I sometimes speak in this specification of the quickacting set of matrices and sometimes of the slow-acting set of matrices, or of a quick-acting set of matrices and a slow-acting set of matrices. By the quick-acting set of matrices I mean that set of matrices from which when the operator makes two letters simulta-' neously the matrix which is to stand first of the two in the assembled line of matrices is taken, and by the"slow-acting set of matrices I mean that set of matrices from which when the operator makes two letters simulta-. neously the matrix which is to stand second of the'two in the assembled line of matrices is taken. It will of course be understood that when the operator depresses keys of the two sets'simultaneously, thereby to release two matrices, one corresponding to one character and the other corresponding to the next following character, the two matrices thus released must be made to stand in'proper order in the assembled line of matrices. Thus, to illustrate, if the operator wishes to make the word on, striking the o-key of the quickacting set of keys and the n key of the slowacting set of keys at the same instant, it is essential that the o matrix be made to stand in the assembled line of matrices to the left orin front of the 11 matrix and that the n On the other hand, if the operator wishes to make the word no, striking the n key of the quick-acting set and the 0 key of the slow-acting set of keys at the same'instant, it is essential that the n matrix should be made to stand in the assembled line of matrices to the left or in front of the o matrix and that the 0 matrix should'be made to follow the n matri'xin the assem bled line of matrices. 'I prefer to use two means to insure this result. One means for this purpose,which will bedescribed more at length hereinafter, is to connect the keys of the quick-acting set (a term which will be hereinafter defined) with the set of matrices controlled thereby through quick-acting connections, so that so soon as the key is touched the corresponding matrix-controlling escapement acts to release a matrix,a-nd to connect the keys .proper matrix of the corresponding set, the

matrix-controllin g escapement aifected by the key or keys depressed of the slow-acting set cannot act until the matrix-controlling escapement affected by the key or keys depressed .of the quick-acting set has first acted.

(6) Another means that I employ to insure that matrices of the one set (herein termed the quick-acting set) shall when keys of the two sets are depressed at exactly the same instant be made to stand in the line of assembled matrices-to the left or in front of a ma trix of the other'or slow-acting setis to dispose the matrices of the quick-acting set in proximity to the assembling-block, so that when released by their escapements they quickly reach the assembling-block, and toing set will reach the assembling-block in ad-- Vance of the matrix belonging to the slowacting set, and the two matrices be set in proper order in the line of assembled matrices.

A convenient arrangement for this purposeis to dispose the magazine-tubes containing the'quick-acting set of matrics to the left of the magazine-tubes containing the slow-acting set of matrices and in proximity to the assembling-block, the magazine-tubes containing the slow acting set of matrices being of course disposed to the right of the magazinetubes containing the quick-actin g set of matrices and more remote from the assemblingblock than the quick-acting set of matrices. The construction is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 5, in which the magazine-tubes 100, which contain the matrices of the quick-acting set, lie to the left near the assembling-block 110, while the magazine-tubes 101, which contain the matrices of the slow-acting set, lie to the right of the quick-acting set of matrices and more remote from the assembling-block 110. I thus insure that when the operator depresses at the same instant two keys belonging one to the one set of keys and the other to the other set'of keys, thereby to produce two consecutive letters, (that is, to bring two matrices corresponding to the two letters required to the assembling-block,) the two matrices shall stand in proper consecutive order in the line of matrices being assembled.

Except in respect of the notches with which the matrices are furnished to engage the distributingrail (a matter which will be gone into fully hereinafter) two matrices correspending to the same character, but belong ing one to the quick -acting set of matrices and the other to the slow-acting set of matrices, may be in every way exactly alike.

Of the two sets of 7uc 1 s.It has been said that there are two sets of keys controlling the two sets of matrices, the two sets of keys being adapted to be operated simultaneously by the operator for the making of two letters at the same time-one letter from each set of keys. The two sets of keys have a general similarity; but as I prefer to make one set of matrices complete with upper and lowercase alphabets, figures, marks, and other neces sary characters, while making the other set of matrices to have only the lower-case letters, with a few frcquently-occurring marks of punctuation, (a feature of my construction which may be varied from, if desired,) there is of course a corresponding difference in the two sets of keys. That set of keys which controls the matrices which are adapted (when keys of the two sets are depressed simultaneously to release a matrix from each set) to stand first of the two in the line of inatrices being assembled is called the quick-acting set of keys, or more shortly the quickacting keys, while that set of keys which controls the matrices that are adapted (when keys of the two sets are depressed at the same instant to release a matrix of each set) to stand second in the line of matrices being assembledthat is, to follow in due order in the line the other of the two letters thus simultaneouslyproduced by the operator-i s called the slow-acting set of keys.

I shall first describe the keys of the quickacting set, which stand in Fig. 2 to the left of the keys of the slow-acting set. The quickacting set of keys consists of three keys, (marked, respectively, 13, 13 and 13 which, with a frame B, controlled by said keys B", B and 13 control four frames (Z, (Z, (Z and (Z Figs. 3 and l, hereinafter described, belonging to the permutational devices proper to such keys; (0) seven keys 0, C 0 C", 0 C, and G which, with a frame C, controlled by said keys, control the eight frames 0, c, 0 c c c, c, and 0 Figs. 3 and 4:, hereinafter described, that coact with the four frames (Z, (1, (Z and (Z before mentioned in selecting characters as hereinafter described, and (c) a space-key G. For convenience sake the keys l3, l3, and B will sometimes be termed hereinafter the B-group keys, or the keys of the 13 group, and the keys C, 0 C, 0, C, C, and C will sometimes be termed hereinafter the keys of the C group, or the G-group keys. The keys are preferably arranged somewhat like those of a pianoforte, as illustrated in the drawings. They may be centered by means of pins 1O 1O, driven into a fulcrumbar 11, as in a pianoforte, or they may be fulcrumed in any other suitable manner whatever. The rear ends of the keys rest normally down upon a felted bar 12, Fig. 4. The frames 1 and O and the electrical connections will be described after the essential parts of the selecting device have been described.

The slow-acting set of keys, as figured in the drawings, differs from the quick-acting set only in having a greater number of C- group keys. In Fig. 2 there are twenty-two C-group keys, (marked, respectively, 0 to 0 which with the frame 0 underlying said keys control the twenty-three frames (2 c c e c", &c., belonging to the permutational character-seleeting device that serves for the slow-actingkeys. The electrical connections will be described hereinafter.

Ofthc pcrmutafional cha raclcr-sclcci'mg (Zericcs.'lhe function of the permutational character-selecting devices is to enable the operator to make a large number of letters by acting upon a small number of keys. There are two such selecting devicesone for the left-hand or quick-acting set of keys and the other for the right-hand or slow-acting set of keys. The two character-selecting devices are similar in essential features; but as the character-sclecting devices of the righthand or slow-acting keys control a much larger number of matrix-controlling escapement devices it contains a much largernumber of elements.

I shall first describe the character-selecting devices belonging to the left-hand or quickaeting set of keys and will then describe briefly the difference between such selecting device and the selecting device serving for the right-hand or slow-acting set of keys. (See particularly Figs. and 4.) d, (P, d", and cl are frames corresponding, respectively, to the three keys B 13 l) and the frame 13. Said frames, as illustrated in the drawings, consist each of a center rod or shaft and a bent side and end portion firmly attached to the center rod. The center rod is fulcrumed by means of pointed screws d cl", set in the side bar 5, and points d", set in the center bar 5. c, c c, c, c, o and c are other frames or levers corresponding, respectively, to the keys C C C C C C C and the frame 0. The frames (1, (Z (Z and (l are each operated by electromagnets D, D D, and D, hereinafter described, controlled, respectively, by the keys B B B and the-frame 13. In like manner the other frames or lovers 0', e 6 c, c, 6, c and c are operated by other electromagnets E, E E E E 15, E and E, controlled, respectively, by the keys 0 C C O O C O and the frame 0.

f f f f are levers corresponding to the matrices (or to the matrix-controlling escapements) of the set which they control, and said levers fffare connected each by a pushdown wire 71., Fig. 4, attached to one end of said lever f, with the corresponding lever I, (centered at 1),) which serves to operate the matrix-controlling escapemcnt device It 0* 7' The other end of each of said levers ff fthat f f f intermediate the points at which said levers are connected (or) with the framese, e, 6 e e e e, or e as the case may be, and (b) with the push-down wires h h, by which I said levers are connected, it will be remembered, with the'escapement-controlling levers P P. Said levers f f f are operated each by the conjoint action of some one of the frames d,

d, d andd corresponding to the B-group keys and some one of the frames 6, e, e e e e c and 6 corresponding to the O-group keys, and each different lever f is operated by a different combination of the frames above mentioned, and every different combination of two frames belonging oneto the group of frames d, d, 61 and d (corresponding to the B-group keys) and the other to the group of frames 6, e,-e e e c c and e (corresponding to the O-group keys) operates a different one of the levers ff and thereby a different matrix-controlling escapement device R 7' r Each of the frames cl, 61, d and d afiects one of the levers f f f connected with each of the frames 6, 6, e e e 6 e", and 6'', (except that the framed, for reasons which will appear hereinafter, does not affect any of the levers fff connected with the frame 6,) and in each group of levers fff belonging to one of the frames 6 e e ,&c., each of the frames 01, d, (1 and d affects a different lever f from what any other one of said frames affects. To this end a projection f "is attached to each of the levers ff, &c., immediately underneath that one of the frames d, d, (1 or d which is designed to operate the particular lever f to which such vprojection is attached. The top surfaces of said projections f f stand above the top surfaces of the levers f f a distance somewhat greater thanthe maximum movement of the levers f f or of theframes cl, (1', (V, and d at that point, so that any particular lever in one of the groups of levers f f carried by one of theframes e, 6 e e e e c and 6 can coact with the corresponding frame d, d, (1 or (i as the case may be, without affecting or being affected by any other one of said frames (1 d (1 01 In my preferred construction the frames d, d 11 and (1 lie normally with their lower surfaces in close proximity to the upper surfaces of the projections f f, attached to the levers f f.

Contractile springs f f which are attached at one end to the levers f f at the points at which said levers are connected withthe push-down wires h h and at the other end to pins f f driven into the bars 7 7, serve to pull upwardly upon each of the levers f f with a force greater than is required to lift one of the frames cl dd d and to hold the front ends of the levers f f normally in contact with the rails f f. When, therefore, any of the frames 6, 6-, e e e e e", and e is tilted by the action of the magnets E E E, &c., controlling'it, so that the end of said frame connected with the levers f fis raised, each of said levers f f connected with the frame that istilted will move upon its point of bearing on the lower surface of the rail f as a fulcrum and will raise that one of the frames (1, d, d or d which lies over it (supposing said frame. to be not held down by the action of the corresponding magnet D, D, D or D as the case may be) without at all aifecting the push-down wires h h or the levers P P and matrix-controlling escapements R r r (of which one only is shown in the drawings) with which said push-down wires connect said levers f f; but if when any of said frames 6 e 6 &c., is tilted in the manner above described any one of the frames at, 61, 01 or d be held at rest (by the action of the appropriate magnet D, D, D or D or in any other suitable manner) such 'frame so held at rest will give a fulcrum to that one of the levers f f lying under it which is raised by the frame 6, e, 6 e e e 6 or e that is tilted, and said lever f will move upon its point of bearing on said frame cl, d, 0Z or d as the case may be, so held at rest as a f ulcrum', and the end of said leverfconnected with the push-down wire 71 will move down, thus through the push-down wire it and lever P throwing up thevrod Q controlling the corresponding escapcment R 1' 4*, thereby releasing the required matrix y; but the other three frames of the set of frames at, 01, (Z and d which are not held down will be raised by the levers f f f underlying them, and the typebars corresponding to such levers f f f will be in no wise affected. Thus it will be seen each of the frames e, 6 e 6 6 ,6 and 6 serves for the making of four different lettersthat is, for the operating of four escapement devices, each controlling a different group of matricesone by the coacting of the frame d when said frame is held at rest, one by the coacting of the frame 61' when said'frame is held at rest, another by the coacting of the frame d when said frame is held at rest, and a fourth character by the coacting of the frame d when said frame is held at rest; but the frame e serves for the making of three characters only-to wit, one by the coacting of the frame at, another by the coacting of the frame 01 and a third by the coacting of the frame d In other words, the frame e, unlike the frames e, e e e e c and c and for reasons which will clearly appear hereinafter, has no lever f adapted to coact with the frame d.

In the preferred construction illustrated in the drawings electromagnets D, D D and D are connected with the frames at, d (i and 01, respectively, and controlled by the keys B B B and the frame B, respectively,

serve to hold said frames at rest, each as required, with the magnet-connected arm d ICC held fast down upon the stop (Z so that the frame thus held at rest, affords an effective fulcrum to the lever in moving the corresponding matrix-controlling lever P, and the electromagnets E, E E E, E, 1, E and E (controlled, respectively, by the keys 0, 0 O, C C, O and the frame C) are connected, respectively, with and serve to operate the frames e, c c e, e, c, 0 and 6; but very obviously said frames (Z, (Z, (Z and (Z and e, 6, 6 e, c, c, c, and 6 might be operated in other ways than by means of electromagnets. (See on this point the Letters Patent to me before mentioned, No. 600,120, dated March 1, 1898, and also No. 601,001, dated May 10, 1898.)

I prefer, as before said, to have the frames (Z, (Z, (Z and (Z lie in their normal positions, with their lower faces in close proximity to the upper surfaces of the projections f f, attached to the lovers f f, so that when any one of said frames (Z, (Z, (Z and d is held down it furnishes an effective fulcrum for the lever f underlying it, raised by the action of the proper frame 0 c c, &c., and so that such of said frames (Z, (Z, (P, and (Z as are not held down are lifted by the raising of those levers f f f lying underneath them which are raised by the act-ion of that one of the frames 0 0 0 &c., that acts to make a letter; but instead of employing this arrangement the frames (Z, (Z, (Z and (Z may be made to lie each normally with its lower surface above the top surfaces of the projections f f a distance as great as or slightly greater than the distance which such projections f f are lifted by the tilting of the frames 6 c e", &c., and each of the frames (Z, cZ, (Z and (1, when it acts for the making of a letter, may be pulled down from such its normal position either by an electromagnet, as illustrated in the drawings, or in any other suitable manner, so that it will press down upon the lever f to be operated in the middle at the same time that said lever f is raised at one end by the action of the corresponding frame 6 c 0 &c., as the case may be, all as described in the Letters Patent aforesaid, No. 600,120, dated March 1, 1898.

It has now been made clear that each different combination of two frames belonging one to the group of frames (Z, d, (Z and (Z and the other to the group of frames 6, 0, e e c c, e, and c actuates a different one of the character-correspondin g levers f ff and a different one of the matrix-controlling escapement devices R 0' 0' thereby freeing a different matrix. This statement, however, is to be taken subject to the exception that the frames (Z and e, for reasons which will clearly appear hereinafter, are not adapted to act together in releasing a matrix, the frame e carrying but three of the levcrsfff, which serve for the frames (Z', (Z and d, respcctively, no lever f being furnished by the frame 0 for the frame (Z to act upon.

The permutational character-selecting device controlled by the keys of the slow-acting set (see Figs. 2 and 3) differs from the permutational character-select ing device already described controlled by the keys of the quickacting set only in that the permutational character-selecting device controlled by the keys of the slow-acting set has a larger number of character-correspondinglevers ff and of the frames 0 e c c e, the, and magnets E E E E E, &c., controlling them.

In place of the eight frames 0, c e 6, e, e", 6 and e of the quick-acting set controlled by the keys 0 C C C 0" C G and the frame 0 the permutational character-selecting device controlled by the slow-acting keys has twenty-three frames 0 e c c, &e., controlled by the electromagnets E E E 13 E, &c., and through such magnets by the frame 0 and the keys C C C C", &c., respectively.

It remains to describe the mechanism by which the keys control the frames (1, (Z, (Z and (Z and c, c, 0 0 c", c, c, and 6 I shall first describe the arrangement of the left hand keys with their electrical connections, after which the arrangement of the righthand keys and connections, being in most respects similar to that of the left-hand keys, will be easily explained.

Of the eZccfricaZ conmotions.Electromagnets D, D, D and D as before said, control the frames (Z, d, (Z and (Z respectively, and other electromagnets E, E, E E, E, E, E, and E respectively, as before said, serve to control the frames 0, 0, 0 e, e", c, c, and 0 respectively. The construction of these magnets is fully illustrated in the drawings and will be referred to hereinafter; but it is sufficient for our present purposes to call attention to the fact that each consists, essentially, of (A) a fixed core screwed fast to the bed-plate or bottom of the key framing, a movable armature connected to the frame to which such magnet corresponds and which it serves to actuate, and (C) an energizing coil or solenoid wound about both the fixed core and the movable armature. When a current is passed through said energizing-coil, the inelosed core and armature become magnetized and attract each other. The effect of energizing one of the magnets D D D D is to cause said magnet to pull down upon the corresponding frame LZ, cZ, (Z or d, and the effect of energizing one of the magnets E, E, E E, E", E, E, or E is to cause such magnet to pull down upon that end of the frame 0, c, 6 e, c, c, or c with which said magnet is connected, thereby elevating the other end of said frame and the ends of the chameter-corresponding levers f f f f, pin-jointed thereto. The keys control the magnets before mentioned, closin g their circuits.

A separate key might obviously be employed for each of the magnets D, D, D and 1) and another separate key for each of the magnets E, E, E E, E, E, E, and E in which case no letter could be made except by the simultaneous depressing of two keys,

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for no key acting singly would effect the release of a matrix. Ihave, however, contrived things in such a manner that a number of the most frequently-occurringletters of the alphabet (ten with the construction illustrated in the drawings, constituting about seventy-six per cent. of running letters) can be made by the action of a single key each, the other characters being produced by the simultaneous depressing of two keys. I employ in the construction figured in the drawings (a) three keys B, B and B which serve to close the circuits, respectively, of the magnets D, D and D (1;) seven keys 0, C C C C C and G which serve to close the circuits, respectively, of the magnets E, E E E E5, E6,

and E (0) a frame B, lying underneath the keys B, B and B which serves to close the circuit of the magnet D when any of the keys 0,0 0 C 0 O, or C is depressed and when no one of the keys B B B is depressed, which frame is acted on by any of the keys B, B and B when depressed, so that it breaks the circuit of its magnet D'about the instant that the key B, B or B depressed closes the circuit of the magnet D, D or D corresponding to it, and (d) I employa frame 0, lying underneath the keys 0, O O C C C and G which serves to close the circuit of the magnet E, controlling the frame e, when any one of the keys B, B or B is depressed and when no one of the keys 0,

0, C O O O C or O is depressed, which frame is acted upon by any of the keys 0, C 0 O, 0 O and 0 when depressed, so that it breaks the circuit of its magnet E about the instant that the key 0, O C C C C or depressed closes the circuit of the magnet corresponding to it. There is also a space-key G, as before mentioned, and a rocking frame 15, the central part of which is broken away in Figs. 2 and 12. Said frame lies across all the keys, both those of the lefthand set and those of the right-hand set, and serves when raised by the depressing of any key (except the space-key G, which does not affect said frame, being recessed 'into or cut out at the point where said frame crosses it sufficiently to execute its ordinary movement without coming into contact with said frame) to close the otherwise-open battery-circuit;

and by depressing a key, it may be well to say here, I mean the pressing down of the front end of it by the operator, which of course causes the rear part of the key which the frame 15 overlies to rise, thereby raising said frame 15. V

It remains to describe the arrangement of the electrical circuits. I shall first describe the arrangement of the circuits controlled by the left-hand or quick-acting set of keys.

(See Fig. 2.) B is a battery or other suitable source of electric current, one pole of which is connected by a wire B with the metal shaft of the metal rocking frame 15, before men-- lever B which is centered at B and through said lever B with the adjustable contactscrew-B Said adjustable contact-screw is connected by a wire B with each and all of the keys C, C C C C 0, and (J and with the frame 0. The connection between said Wire B and said keys and frame may be made in any of the many ways well known to electricians. A convenient arrangement is illustrated in Fig. 4, in which a flexible wire B leads from the principal wire B to a contact piece B screwed fast to the rear end of the key and carrying a platinum point B adapted to make and break connection with a corresponding platinum point B carried by the contact-spring c 0 0 &c., with which the key makes and breaks connection. These detail sto wit, the flexible wire B and the contact-piece B screwed to the rear end of the key,with the platinum points B and B are omitted in the diagrammatic View, Fig.

'2, in which the key for greater clearness and (3, C C and 0 respectively, and in makeand-break relation therewith is a contactpiece c,c ,c c 0 0 ,01" 0 With these contactpieces the keys of the C group make connection when depressed; but said keys 0', C G G G G and 0 do not, when in their normal positions, make connection with the corresponding contact-pieces 0, c c c c 0, and c The frame 0, before mentioned, is centered at 0 (being insulated from the main frame of the machine) and placed underneath the G-group keys in such a position that no one of said keys can be depressed without depressing said frame, rocking it on its center-rod. Immediately above the rearward-extending arm of said frame is-a contact-piece c, with which said frame when in its normal position makes connection; but

when said frame is depressed by the depressing of any of the keys 0 C C C O O C it breaks connection with its contact-piece a. With each of the contact-pieces c, 0, c c c c c and c before mentioned, respectively, is connected one terminal of each of'the electromagnets E, E, E E E E and E respectively, which magnets, it will be remembered, serve to actuate the frames 6, e, 6 e e e e and c respectively, and the other terminal of each of said electromagnets is connected with the wire B One pole of the battery B, it has already been made clear,- is connected with the metal center rod of the met-al'rocking frame 15, which frame, it will be remembered, overlies all the keys in such a position that when any key is depressed in front by the operator it rises behind, and

thus raises the rocking frame B -that is to IIO say, tilts said frame upwardly on its center. \Vhen thus tilted upwardly by the depressing of a key, said frame, connected, as before described, by the wire B with one pole of the battery B comes in contact with the spring and establishes connection therewith. A wire B serves to connect said spring with each and all of the keys B, B and B and with the frame B. The connection may be made in the manner illustrated in Fig. 4 with regard to wire B and key (1' or in any other suitable manner whatever. The details of wiring are not illustrated in Fig. 2, which is, as before said, a diagrammatic view intended only to illustrate the essential features of the electrical system without obscuring them by non-essential details, which every machinedesigner arranges according to his own ideas. Above the rear end of each of said keys B, B, and B is a contact-piece Z), or U, with which the key when depressed makes connection; but the keys B, B and B (like the keys C, C C, C, C C, and 0 do not, when in their normal positions, make connection with the contact-pieces b, and Z1 The frame B, before mentioned, is centered at b being insulated from the main frame of the machine, and placed underneath the keys B, B and B in such a position that none of said keys can be depressed without depressing said frame. Immediately above the rearward-extending arm of said frame is a contact-piece b, with which said frame B when in its normal position makes connection; but when said frame is depressed by the depressing of any of the keys B, B or B said frame breaks the connection with its contact-piece b. \Vith each of the contact-pieces b, 1), b and Z1 respectively, one terminal of each of the electromagnets D, D, D and D respectively, is connected, which magnets, it will be remembered, control the frames (1, (1, (Z and (1 respectively, and the other terminal of each of said magnets D, D, D and D is connected with the same conductor, B with which the non-contact-piece-connected terminals of the electromagnets E, E, E E E E", E, and E before mentioned as controlling the frames 0, 0', c e e e c and e are connected.

e are now in a position to explain the actions which take place upon the depressing of a key. It will be convenient first to explain those actions by which a letter is made and afterward to explain the construction and operation of the releasing mechanism whereby the matrix-controlling levers P I are left free to return to their normal positions so soon as they act to free a matrix, although the keys controlling them are still held down, and the retarding mechanism by which the releasing of one of the two matrices which are released by the simultaneous depressing of keys of the right-hand and left-hand sets is delayed an instant to avoid possible interference with the other matrix released by the simultaneous action of the operator upon the keys, and other details of construction. But to explain the actions which take place upon the depressing of a key let us suppose the key 3 to be depressed. Said key, like all the other keys, when depressed by the oper ator in front of its center rises behind the center, thus tilting the frame 15 upwardly and establishing connection between one pole of the battery 3 and the spring B, which is connected, it will be remembered, by the wire B with the keys B 3 B and the frame B. Moreover, said key B, like the keys B and B, when depressed depresses the frame B, lying underneath said keys B, B and B breaking the electrical connection between said frame B and its contact-piece Z) and elec tromagnet D. Lastly, said key B makes connection with the contact-piece l) correspondingto it. The circuit of the battery B is now closed through the clectromagnets D and E. The current flows from the battery B through the wire B to the frame 15, and thence to the contact-spring B and from that through the wire B to the key B, and thence to the contact-piece b, magnet II), controlling the frame (1, wire B magnet E, controlling the frame c, to the contact-spring 0, frame 0, wire 13, adjustable contact-screw B contact-lever B and wire B and from thence back to the other pole of the battery B The magnet E becoming thus energized, its armature draws d own that en d of the frame a with which said armature is connected, thereby raising the other end of said frame 6, to which the levers fff are pin-jointed. The magnet D becoming energized at the same time holds the frame (1 firm in its normal position, the magnet-connected arm d resting firmly down upon the stop (1. The charactercorresponding lever f underlying said frame d being thus afforded a fulcrum by said frame d tilts on said fulcrum as a center, its rearend moving down as the end pinjointed to the frame 6 is moved up, and thus (through the push-down wire 7L acting upon the lever I) said lever f throws the rod Q upward, that operates the escapement R 1- 0- that controls the matrix 1 corresponding to the letter required, so that it releases one of said matrices, so that said matrix falls upon the moving belt 111, whereby it is conveyed to the assembling-block. The otherlevcrs f f, pin-jointed to said frame 0, rise and lift the frames (Z and (Z which overlie them, without at all affecting the eseapement-controlling levers P I, with which said levers f f are connected. I

The eleetromagnet B forms a parallel path to the main circuit hereinbefore traced. Said magnet has one terminal connected with the wire B and the other with the spring B and it serves to break the main circuit by attracting the contact-lever B before mentioned, (which is made of soft iron and serves as the armature of said magnet B B) away from its normal position of contact with the adjustable contact-screw B, thereby inter- IIO rupting the main or working circuit, so that the magnets D and E, lose their magnetism and the various parts controlled by them return to their normal positions.

circuit is broken about the instant that the,

matrix y controlled by the escapement R r r is-released. By these means the lever P, rod

Q, andescapement R r. r are left free to return to their normal positions the instant the matrix y is released-without waiting for the keys to be released by the operator, which of the other keys of the B group were de-' I pressed by itself alone, similar actions to those above described would be produced; but the battery-circuit would now be closed either through the key B or the key 13 whichever was depressed, and thence through the contact-pieces b or 12 (according to which key was depressed) to the magnet D or the mag net D so that the frame 01 or the frame d would afford a fulcrum to the lever f underlying it, thereby operating the proper escapement R r r and releasing the proper matrix.

Now let us suppose one of the keys of the C group to be depressed by itself alonesay the key 0. This key, like every other key, (except the space-key G,) when depressed in front of its center rises back of its center,

tilting the frame 15 upwardly and establishing connection between one 'pole of the battery B and the spring B, which is connected, it will be remembered, by the wire B with the keys B B B and the frame B. Said key 0 also, like the other O-group keys 0*,

O C C C and 0 when depressed depresses the frame O, lying underneath the C- group keys, breaking the connection between said frame 0 and its contact-piece c and electrom'agnet E, and, lastly, said key O makes connection with the contact-piece c corresponding to it. The circuit of the battery 13 is now .closed through the magnets E and D and the current flows from the battery B through the wire B to the frame 15, and thence to the contact-spring B ,.and from that through the wire 13 to the frame B, and thence to the contact-piece b and magnet D (controlling the frame d) to the wire B magnet E, controlling the frame c, and so to the is connected, thereby raising the other end of said frame or lever e, to which the levers ff are pin-jointed. The magnet D becomingenergized at the same time, its armature holds the frame (1 firm in its normal position, with the arm d resting down upon the stop (1 The lever f underlying said frame (1 being thus afiorded a fulcrum by said frame 61 tilts on said fulcrum, its rear end moving down as the end connected with the frame 6 is moved up, and thus, through its push-down wire h, acting upon the lever P, throws up the rod Q, that operates the escapement R 'r W, which controls matrices corresponding to the letter required, thereby releasing one of said matrices, so that it falls upon the belt 111, whereby it is conveyed to the assembling-block llO. The other levers ff f, carried by said frame 6, rise and liftthe frames d, d and (1 which overlie them, without at all affecting the escapement-controlling levers P P, with which said levers f f are connected; At about the instant the matrix y falls from its magazine -'tube the releasingmagnet B serving for the left hand keys, breaks the circuit of the magnets D and E in the manner already described,thus leaving the various parts free to return to their normal positions. If any of theother keys of the C groupas C O C C C or O .be depressed by itself alone, the circuit will be closed through the parts already described, up to and including the magnet D, (controlling the frame 61,) to the wire B andthence through the magnet E E E E E or E as the case may be, corresponding to the key depressed, and so to the key O O C C C or 0 as the case may be, depressed, and thence through the wire B and the rest of the path before described back to the other pole of the battery B Each different key of the 0 group, it will be observed, affects a different one of the magnets E, E E E E E and E therebyoperating a different one of frames 6, e 6 8 ,6 6 and e, and when any key of the C group is depressed alone the circuit is closed through the frame B and the electromagnet D,whicl1 controls the frame cl, which latter affords a fulcrum to that particular one of the levers f ff pinjointed to the frame 6, 6 or 6 &c., operated by the key depressed,which underlies said frame (1, while the other levers f f f, pin-jointed to the frame e, 6 e e e e", or 6 as the case may be, operated by the O-group key depressed, having no fulcrum in the center, move upon their points of connection with the pushdown wires h h as centers and raise the frames d, CF, and d overlying them without in any wise affecting the corresponding escapementconnected lever P P and escapements R r W.

In like manner each of the keys B, B and B when depressed closes circuit through the magnet D, D or D which controls the the B-grou p key depressed to print the proper character. Thus the frame 0, it will be seen, serves the function of a C-grou p key and enables the operator to make letters from the B-grou p keys acting singly without being to the necessity of depressing a C-group key to control a frame in the group of frames 0, e, 0 c c, c, c, and c and in like manner the frame B, it will be seen, serves the function of a B-group key and enables the operator to make letters from the keys of the C group acting singly without being to the necessity of depressing a B-group key to control a frame in the group of frames (Z, d, (Z and (Z Thus while the making of any character requires the coacting of two frames, one from the group of frames (1, d, d, and d and the other from the group of frames e, c, 6 c 0, e, e, and c I make it possible, it will be seen, to produce letters with each of the keys acting singly, and thereby with the arrangement figured in the drawings I, in fact, make the ten most-frequently-oecurring letters of the English alphabet, being about three-quarters of running letters, each by the action of a single key.

Let us now see how letters are made by depressing different combinations of keys. Two keys of the same 13 group with the construction figured in the drawings should not be depressed simultaneously, nor should two keys of the same C group; but any two keys depressed simultaneously and belonging one to the 13 group and the other to the 0 group make a different charactcrthat is, release a different matrix, a matrix controlled only by such combination of keys, for when any two keys belonging one to the B group and the other to the C group are depressed simultaneously the circuit is closed through the magnet D, D or D", as the case may be, corresponding to the B-group key depressed, and also through the magnet E, E E, E", E, E, or E as the case may be, corresponding to the C-group key depressed. Thus the particular frame d, (Z or (Z as the case may be, corresponding to the particular B-group key depressed is made to coact with the particular frame 0, e 6, c, a, e, or 6 as the case may be, corresponding to the particular 0- group key depressed, and each different combination of two such coacting frames affects, as we have already seen, a different one of the levers fff and a different one of the levers P, escapements R 1" 1' and matrices 3 y, and thus produces a different character.

It has already been explained that the permutational character selecting mechanism controlled by the right-hand or slow-acting set of keys is alike in kind to that controlled by the left-hand or quick-acting set of keys, but differs in respect of having a greater 11 umber of parts (levers fff, frames c c 6 0 &c., and magnets E EE E, rte.) corresponding to the larger number of keys and matrices belonging to the left-hand or slow-acting set. All this has been alreadyexplained,

and indeed appears plainly on the face of the drawings. In the drawin there are certain differences in respect of the electrical connections between the keys of the two sets. The electrical connections of the two sets of keys might, indeed, be made to be exactly alike, but it is convenient to make differences between the two, which I will now describe, so that when keys of the two sets are depressed simultaneously the magnets belonging to the permutational characterselecting mechanism serving for the righthand or slow-acting set of keys act a fraction of a second after the similar magnets be longing to the permutational character-selecting mechanism of the left-hand or quickaeting set of keys. In this way I make sure that when keys of the two sets are depressed simultaneously to release a matrix from each of the two sets of matrices the matrix belonging to the quick-acting or primary-position set of matrices and corresponding to the first of the two letters which the operator designs to make at the same time will reach the assembling-block in advance of the matrix belonging to the slow-acting or secondaryposition set of matrices corresponding to the second of the two letters which the operator thus makes at the same time.

The right-hand-controlled permutational character-selecting mechanism maybe made to be slower-acting than the left-hand-controlled permutational character selecting mechanism in various ways. A convenient; arrangement of parts for this purpose is illustrated in Fig. 2. Connection from the bat tery 3 to the wire B leading to the 13- group keys of the left-hand set is made from said battery 3 by the wire 13 to the frame 15 and contact-spring B so soon as the key is depressed; but the current,instead of flowing direct from the contact-spring l3 to the wire B serving for the right-hand keys of the B group, (as it does from the spring 3 to the wire 13 serving for the left-hand or quick-acting set of keys,) goes from the contaet-spring B through a wire B toa connection-lever ll, which normally stands away from the corresponding contact-screw 13, which latter is connected ((0) by the wire B with the B-group keys and frame 13 and (b) by another wire with the releasing-magnet B, serving for the right-hand-controlled circuits. The lever 13*", it will be seen, makes a gap in the working circuit of the righthand-controlled keys. Said lever B is normally held away from the contact-screw 3", with which it closes circuit, by a contractile spring 3 which holds said lever normally against the stop 13". A magnet 13 forms a parallel path to the main or working circuit of the right-hand-controlled keys, one terminal of said magnet being connected with the contact-spring B and the other with the wire 13. Said magnet becomes magnetized when the keys are depressed and the circuit closed from the battery 13 through the magnet 13 ICO IIO

. armature B does not close circuit with the back .to the other pole of the battery, and

when so magnetized said magnet B attracts the connection-lever B which is of soft iron, and serves as its armature, so that said lever makes connection with the contact-screw B thus leaving the current free to flow from the battery B through the wire B to the righthand keys and the magnet controlled thereby. When keys of the two sets are depressed simultaneously, some time elapses between the closing of the left-hand-controlled circuits and the circuit of the magnet 13"? on the one hand (both of which are closed the instant the frame 15 comes in contact with the spring B and the closing, on the other hand, of the right-hand-controlled working circuit through the action of the magnet B upon the lever 13 This interval of time may be made greater or less, as desired, (a) by varying the time-constant of the circuit of the magnet 13 or (b) by regulatingthe play of the armature of the magnet B and the strength of its spring B A self-induction may be inserted in the working circuit of the right-hand keys. Such self-induction may be made advantageously of low resistance and with a closed iron magnetic circuit of sufficient cross-section to give the amount of self-induction necessary to produce the retarding action required. The selfinduction 25, if it be given a sufficient amount of inductance, may be used as the only retarding device, and the magnet B with its armature B may be dispensed with, (the wire B leading to the right-hand B-group keys,

being in such case connected directly with the contact-spring E and, on the other hand, the self-induction 25 may be entirely dispensed with, the magnet B and armature B being adjusted in such a manner that the contact-screw B until a sufficient length of time has elapsedafter the closing of the lefthand-controlled working circuit.

The releasing-magnet B serving for the right-hand-controlled working circuits operates in exactly the same manner as the magnet B serving for the left-hand-controlled working circuit, and already fully described, to break the right-hand-controlled working circuit about the instant-the matrixcontrolled by the action of the magnets D, D, D or D and E,- E, E or E, &c., is released. A suitable self-induct-ion similar, for example, to the self-induction 25, before described, may be inserted, it desired, in the circuit of the magnet B or in the circuit of either of the magnets B B Thus, it will be seen, when a key or a combination of keys belonging to the left-hand or quick-acting set is depressed simultaneously with a key or a combination of keys belonging to the right-hand orslow-acting set, thereby-to produce aletter from each set of keys, the matrix released by the action of the left-hand or quick-acting set of keys belongs to the quick-acting set of matrices, Fig. 1, and stands closer to the assemblingblock 110 than the matrix released by the action of the right-hand or slow-acting set of keys which belongs to the slow-acting set of matrices and lies more remote from the assembling-block 110, so that if the'two matrices fell at the same instant upon the conveying-belt 111 the one belonging to the quickacting orprimary-position set of matrices and controlled by the keys of the quick-acting set would reach the assembling-block in advance of the matrix belonging to the slow-.

assembling-block 110 than the matrices of the slow-acting set do, the connections between the keys of the two sets and the escapement devices R r r (of which one only, is illus-I trated in the drawings) are made to be quickacting for the left-hand set of keys and slowacting for the right-hand set of keys,-so that on this account also the two matrices released by simultaneous actions of the operator are made to take position in due order in the line of matrices being assembled.

It would be possible to insure the delivery upon the assembling-block in proper order of the matrices belonging to the ,two sets and controlled, respectively, by the left-hand and right-hand set of keys, either solely (a) by the different positions given to the quick-acting and the slow-acting sets of matrices with. reference to the assembling-block, (the quickacting set of matrices being arranged, as beforesaid, in proximity to the assemblingbloek and'the slow-acting set of matrices more remote therefrom,) or (b) by the difierence in the rapidity of action given to the connections interposed between the two sets of keys and the escapements controlling the release of the matrices, (the connections between one set of keys and the escapements controlling the release of the matrices of such set being made to be quick-acting, while the connections bebination of the two methods. As a modifi-.

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cation or alternative form of the first method 

